$$
\DeclareMathOperator*{\argmax}{arg\,max}
\DeclareMathOperator*{\argmin}{arg\,min}
\newcommand{\ba}{\mathbf{a}}
\newcommand{\bb}{\mathbf{b}}
\newcommand{\bc}{\mathbf{c}}
\newcommand{\be}{\mathbf{e}}
\newcommand{\bff}{\mathbf{f}}
\newcommand{\bg}{\mathbf{g}}
\newcommand{\bh}{\mathbf{h}}
\newcommand{\bk}{\mathbf{k}}
\newcommand{\bm}{\mathbf{m}}
\newcommand{\bq}{\mathbf{q}}
\newcommand{\br}{\mathbf{r}}
\newcommand{\bu}{\mathbf{u}}
\newcommand{\bv}{\mathbf{v}}
\newcommand{\bw}{\mathbf{w}}
\newcommand{\bx}{\mathbf{x}}
\newcommand{\by}{\mathbf{y}}
\newcommand{\bz}{\mathbf{z}}
\newcommand{\bdelta}{{\boldsymbol{\delta}}}
\newcommand{\bphi}{{\boldsymbol{\phi}}}
\newcommand{\bmu}{{\boldsymbol{\mu}}}
\newcommand{\bnu}{{\boldsymbol{\nu}}}
\newcommand{\bpi}{{\boldsymbol{\pi}}}
\newcommand{\btheta}{{\boldsymbol{\theta}}}
\newcommand{\C}{\mathcal{C}}
\newcommand{\D}{\mathcal{D}}
\newcommand{\I}{\mathbb{I}}
\newcommand{\eye}{\mathbb{I}}
\newcommand{\M}{\mathcal{M}}
\newcommand{\N}{\mathcal{N}}
\newcommand{\E}{\mathbb{E}}
\newcommand{\intd}{\;\mathrm{d}}
\newcommand{\dth}{^{(d)}}
\newcommand{\ith}{^{(i)}}
\newcommand{\jth}{^{(j)}}
\newcommand{\kth}{^{(k)}}
\newcommand{\lth}{^{(l)}}
\newcommand{\mth}{^{(m)}}
\newcommand{\nth}{^{(n)}}
\newcommand{\sth}{^{(s)}}
\newcommand{\tth}{^{(t)}}
\newcommand{\g}{\,|\,}
\newcommand{\te}{\!=\!}
\newcommand{\tp}{\!+\!}
\newcommand{\tm}{\!-\!}
\newcommand{\ra}{\!\rightarrow\!}
\newcommand{\la}{\!\leftarrow\!}
\newcommand{\ttimes}{\!\times\!}
\newcommand{\pdd}[2]{\frac{\partial #1}{\partial #2}}
\newcommand{\tdd}[2]{\frac{\mathrm{d} #1}{\mathrm{d} #2}}
\newcommand{\noo}[1]{\nicefrac{1}{#1}}
\newcommand{\oo}[1]{\frac{1}{#1}}
$$
[Sorry, questions from this archived class are no longer available.]